DIAGRAM: Equisetum Stem
PHOTO:
Equisetum
Stem Cross Section
Equisetum
Stem Cross Section
Equisetum
Rhizome Cross Section
Equisetum
Rhizome Cross Section
Equisetum
Rhizome Cross Section
Vascular bundles are clusters of xylem and phloem conducting elements that conduct food, water, and minerals throughtout the plant. Plants are able to live on land because they have the vascular tissue for the nourishment of the cells as does the vascular tissue of animal cells.
DIAGRAM:
PHOTO: Monocot Stem Cross Section / Monocot Stem Cross Section
This is a layer of cells that is about two to four cells thick and exists between the xylem and phloem. It only occurs in stems where there is secondary growth. It is all meristem tissue that is rapidly dividing, producing ray initials and fusiform initials.
DIAGRAM:
Growth
of Woody Stems
Stem
Sections
PHOTO:
Pinus
Stem Cross Section
3-year
Tilia Stem Cross Section
6-year
Tilia Stem Cross Section
DIAGRAM: Vascular Cylinder / Vascular Cylinder
PHOTO: Root Cross Section / Root Cross Section
The vascular tissues are the xylem and phloem tissues that carry food, water and minerals through the plant for the nourishment of the cells.
DIAGRAM:
PHOTO: Puccinia
DIAGRAM:
PHOTO:
Nostoc
Vegetative Cells
Nostoc
Vegetative Cells
Nostoc Vegetative
Cells
Oscillatoria
Vegetative Cells
Oscillatoria
Vegetative Cells
Saprolegnia
Vegetative Hyphae
Saprolegnia
Vegetative Hyphae
The very small veins out in the mesophyll of the leaf that may comsist of only one xylem or phloem element.
Veins are the vascular bundles in the leaves. In the petiole and the midvein of the leaf the veins are very large. The farther out into the mesophyll the veins go the smaller they get. Out there, they may consist of only one xylem or phloem element. In these regions, these very small veins are called veinlets.
DIAGRAM:
PHOTO: Marchantia / Marchantia / Marchantia / Marchantia
DIAGRAM:
PHOTO: Marchantia
Vessels are vessel elements hooked together end to end in the plant stem, root, and leaf. Sometimes, vessels can be several feet to yards long.
DIAGRAM:
Stem
Sections
Monocot
Vascular Bundle
Sclerenchyma
PHOTO:
6-year
Tilia Stem Cross Section
Monocot
Vascular Bundle Cross Section
Vessel elements are the individual cells that make up the vessel. Vessel elements are in the xylem and are dead when functioning. They function to carry water and minerals upward in the stem and root. Morphologically, they are short and sort of fat cells with slightly oblique cross walls that are nearly non-existant in the mature cells. Many times there will only be some bars of secondary tissue there to hold the end of the vessel element open so it won't colapse. The cell walls contain lignin and are pitted. Vessels have unique secondary wall thickening that distinguish them from all other cells. The wall thickenings may be spiral, annular, reticulate, pitted etc.
DIAGRAM:
Stem
Sections
Monocot
Vascular Bundle
Sclerenchyma
PHOTO:
6-year
Tilia Stem Cross Section
Monocot
Vascular Bundle Cross Section
