BIOL 331, Lecture 6 - Business of Living

BIOL 331

Lecture 6

The Business of Life

Biological Molecules

Molecule Type	Structure	Function
Carbohydrates	CH₂O	energy (glucose), storage (starch), structure (cellulose)
Proteins	C, H, O, N, & some S	structure (skin, hair, skeleton), catalysts (enzymes), carriers (hemoglobin, hormones)
Lipids	mostly C & H, some O (N, S, or P)	storage (fats, oils), water barrier (wax), carriers (hormones)
Nucleic acids	C, H, O, N & P	energy (ATP), genetics (DNA, RNA

Photosynthesis & Respiration

H₂O + CO₂ + energy (sunlight) ¾ ® organic molecules (glucose) + O₂

organic molecules (glucose) + O₂ ¾ ® H₂O + CO₂ + energy (ATP)

Primary Production

Products of photosynthesis are used to make all other molecules.
The net increase in organic matter is called primary production.
Gross production – respiration = net production (primary production)
Nutrients are also required, especially nitrate and phosphate.
Autotrophs supply food for heterotrophs.

The Three Types of Cells

Prokaryotes – No differentiated organelles.

Eukaryotes (animal) – All types of organelles except chloroplasts.

Eukaryotes (plant) – All types of organelles.

Levels of Organization (Table 4.1)

Challenges to Living in the Ocean

Location of Habitat

Plankton

Benthos

Nekton

Salinity & Water Balance

Osmoconformers

Osmoregulators

Temperature

Poikilotherm (Ectotherm)

Homeotherm (Endotherm)

Size & Surface-to-Volume Ratio

Reproduction

Modes of Reproduction

Asexual

Fission
Budding
Vegetative

Sexual

Genetics of Reproduction

Chromosomes

Diploid

Haploid

Gametes

Classification

Five Kingdoms

Monera

Protista
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia

Hierarchy

Kingdom

Phylum (Division)

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Back to the BIOL 331 Syllabus